![]() Pedometers may have effects on sedentary behaviour and on quality of life (mental health component), but these effects were very uncertain (1 study very low-certainty evidence). When pedometer interventions are compared to minimal interventions at follow-up points at least one month after completion of the intervention, pedometers may have no effect on physical activity (6 studies very low-certainty evidence no meta-analysis due to very high heterogeneity), but the effect is very uncertain. The most frequent concerns were absence of blinding and high rates of attrition. Most studies and outcomes were rated at overall unclear or high risk of bias, and only one study was rated at low risk of bias. Intervention duration ranged from one week to two years, and follow-up after completion of the intervention ranged from three to ten months. Eleven studies used minimal intervention controls, and four used alternative physical activity interventions. All studies used multi-component health promotion interventions. through inactivity or overweight), with a mean age of 41 years. Participants included both healthy populations and those at risk of chronic disease (e.g. These studies were conducted in various high-income countries and in diverse workplaces (from offices to physical workplaces). We included 14 studies, recruiting a total of 4762 participants. Given the diversity of measures found, we used ratios of means (RoMs) as standardised effect measures for physical activity. When possible, follow-up measures were taken after completion of the intervention to identify lasting effects once the intervention had ceased. When studies presented more than one physical activity measure, we used a pre-specified list of preferred measures to select one measure and up to three time points for analysis. We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Studies were excluded if physical activity was not measured. The primary outcome was physical activity. We excluded athletes and interventions using accelerometers. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of workplace interventions with a pedometer component for employed adults, compared to no or minimal interventions, or to alternative physical activity interventions. One more study, previously identified as an ongoing study, was placed in 'Studies awaiting classification'. We updated this search in May 2019, but these results have not yet been incorporated. We also consulted the reference lists of included studies and contacted study authors to identify additional records. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) UPDATE, Web of Science,, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from the earliest record to December 2016. To assess the effectiveness of pedometer interventions in the workplace for increasing physical activity and improving long-term health outcomes. MONITORCONTROL FREAK UPDATEFor this reason, this is the final update of this review. A pedometer is an inexpensive device that encourages physical activity by providing feedback on daily steps, although pedometers are now being largely replaced by more sophisticated devices such as accelerometers and Smartphone apps. Workplaces present opportunities to influence behaviour and encourage physical activity, as well as other aspects of a healthy lifestyle. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends undertaking 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, but most people do not. ![]()
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